Cisco配置教程：设置静态路由步骤详解-汇鑫科服|一站式ICT服务商

在复杂的网络世界中，路由器和交换机的配置是构建稳定网络的基础。以下是一个关于配置三个路由器（R1、R2、R3）和一个虚拟PC（VPC）的实践案例，通过这个过程我们可以了解网络配置的基本步骤和技巧。
首先，我们从R1的配置开始。R1是网络中的核心节点，负责连接多个网络段。配置过程中，我们首先进入全局配置模式，然后进入接口配置模式，为每个接口分配ip地址。以下是R1的配置代码片段：
```plaintext R1(config) R1(config-if) ... R1(config-if) ```
在配置完接口后，我们需要查看R1的接口IP设置，确保所有接口都按照预期配置。以下是一个查看接口IP的命令输出示例：
```plaintext Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Ethernet0/0 192.168.12.1 YES manual up up Ethernet0/1 192.168.1.254 YES manual up up ... ```
接下来，我们查看R1的路由表，以确认路由信息的正确性。路由表显示了网络中可达的目的地以及如何到达这些目的地。以下是一个路由表的输出示例：
```plaintext 192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 ... ```
同样的步骤也适用于R2和R3的配置。每个路由器都需要正确配置接口和路由信息，以确保网络中的数据能够流畅地传输。
在网络配置中，我们不仅需要关注路由器，虚拟设备也同样重要。例如，VPC可以模拟真实的网络终端，帮助我们测试网络的连通性。以下是配置VPC的示例：
```plaintext VPCS> ip 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.1.254 ... ```
配置完VPC后，我们需要测试R1和R3之间的连通性。这可以通过在VPC4上ping VPC5来完成。以下是一个ping测试的输出示例：
```plaintext 84 Bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.958 ms ... ```
如果能够收到回应，这意味着网络配置正确，数据包可以在网络中成功传输。
通过这个案例，我们不仅学习了如何配置路由器和交换机，还了解了如何使用VPC来测试网络。这是网络工程师日常工作中不可或缺的技能，通过不断的实践，我们可以更好地掌握网络技术，为构建更加稳定和高效的网络打下坚实的基础。

实验拓扑

Cisco配置教程：设置静态路由步骤详解

配置R1

Router(config)




R1(config)
R1(config-if)
R1(config-if)




R1(config-if)
R1(config-if)
R1(config-if)




R1(config)
R1(config)

查看接口ip

R1
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Ethernet0/0                192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/1                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/0                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

查看R1路由表

R1
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR


Gateway of last resort is not set


      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
S     192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2
      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
S     192.168.23.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2

配置R2

Router>enable
router
Router(config)




R2(config)
R2(config-if)
R2(config-if)




R2(config-if)
R2(config-if)
R2(config-if)




R2(config)
R2(config)

查看接口ip

R2
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Ethernet0/0                192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/1                192.168.23.2    YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/0                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

查看路由

R2
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR


Gateway of last resort is not set


S     192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.1
S     192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.23.3
      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

配置R3

Router>enable 
Router
Router(config)
R3(config)


R3(config)
R3(config-if)
R3(config-if)


R3(config-if)
R3(config-if)
R3(config-if)


R3(config)
R3(config)

查看接口ip

R3
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Ethernet0/0                192.168.23.3    YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/1                192.168.3.254   YES manual up                    up      
Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/0                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

查看路由

R3
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR


Gateway of last resort is not set


S     192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.23.2
      192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        192.168.3.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
S     192.168.12.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.23.2
      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

配置vpc4

VPCS> ip 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.1.254
Checking for duplicate address...
VPCS : 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.254

配置vpc5

VPCS> ip 192.168.3.2/24 192.168.3.254
Checking for duplicate address...
VPCS : 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.254

在vpc4上ping vpc5测试连通性

VPCS> ping 192.168.3.2


84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.958 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.785 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=1.050 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=0.823 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=0.827 ms

审核编辑：汤梓红